* What the requirements are and what machine manufacturing are offering?

The catalog of modern, up-to-date dyestuffs and dyeing and finishing equipment offers a blend of modern technology and chemistry. Major requirements are as follows:

• reduced water consumption;
• varying load capacity;
• time savings;
• comparable economy and ecology;
• highly optimized rinsing processes;
• controller units;
• downstream processing advantages;
• wet finishing process;
• economical finishing; and
• monitoring and controlling.

* Quality, economic efficiency and, more and more

Quality, economic efficiency and, more and more, ecological methods are the prerequisites for up-to-date production in the dyehouse. Color shade and depth must be attainable, and there should be adequate levelness and accurate fastness properties. Appropriate mechanical and chemical processing is necessary to suit customer requirements as well as to create the required fabric hand and surface characteristics.

Economical and ecological efficiency involves minimization of costs and maximum profit as well as reproducible quality with minimal environmental damage. Therefore, process optimization is a must to fulfill all parameters and requirements for right-first-time production. Western wet-finishing costs are more and more apparent in various Asian countries as well, and can be divided into the following approximate cost proportions:
• 42-percent labor;
• 29-percent dyestuffs and chemicals;
• 6-percent water;
• 12-percent energy;
• 6-percent environment and safety measures; and
• 5-percent maintenance.